acrimonious
UK: ˌæk.rɪˈməʊ.ni.əs | US: ˌæk.rɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs
adj. (of speech or behavior) angry and bitter, typically in tone or manner
acrimonious = acri<sharp, bitter> + monious<adjective suffix>
- acri: From Latin acer (sharp, pungent), referring to harshness or bitterness.
- monious: A suffix derived from Latin -monium (state or condition), later adapted into English to form adjectives describing qualities.
Etymology Origin:
The word traces back to Latin acrimonia (sharpness, bitterness), combining acer (sharp) with the abstract noun suffix -monia. Over time, acrimonious evolved in English (early 17th century) to describe caustic speech or behavior, retaining the core idea of "sharpness" metaphorically. The suffix -ous (full of) reinforces the adjective form.
Their divorce led to acrimonious disputes over property.
The debate grew increasingly acrimonious as neither side conceded.
She regretted her acrimonious remarks during the meeting.
The negotiations ended in an acrimonious stalemate.
His acrimonious tone alienated potential allies.