backwards

UK: ˈbækwədz | US: ˈbækwərdz

Definition
  1. adv. in the reverse of the usual direction or order

  2. adv. toward the past or a less advanced state

  3. adj. (rare) directed or facing toward the back

Structure
back <rear>ward <suffix: direction>s <adverbial suffix>
Etymology

The word "backwards" originates from Middle English bakwardes, combining "back" (Old English bæc, meaning "rear") and the directional suffix "-ward" (Old English -weard, meaning "toward"). The adverbial "-s" was added later for grammatical consistency. The term evolved to describe both physical reversal and metaphorical regression, reflecting the linear logic of spatial orientation applied to abstract concepts.

Examples
  1. He stumbled backwards after tripping on the step.

  2. The clock ticks backwards in the surreal painting.

  3. Moving backwards technologically would harm productivity.

  4. She glanced backwards to check if anyone followed her.

  5. The policy was seen as a step backwards for equality.