beaten
UK: ˈbiːtn | US: ˈbiːtn
adj. 1. physically worn out or damaged by repeated blows or pressure
adj. 2. defeated or overcome (e.g., in a competition)
adj. 3. (of a path) well-trodden from frequent use
The word "beaten" originates from the Old English verb "bēatan," meaning "to strike repeatedly." The past participle suffix "-en" was added to form the adjective, reflecting a state resulting from the action (e.g., "beaten metal" or "beaten path"). Over time, it extended metaphorically to describe defeat ("beaten team") or exhaustion ("beaten expression").
The blacksmith shaped the beaten metal into a delicate vase.
After the marathon, he looked utterly beaten.
The team felt demoralized after being beaten in the finals.
A beaten track led through the dense forest.
Her beaten demeanor revealed years of hardship.