benchmark
UK: ˈbentʃmɑːk | US: ˈbentʃmɑːrk
n. a standard or point of reference against which things may be compared
vt. to evaluate or measure something against a standard
The word "benchmark" originated in the 19th century from surveying practices. Surveyors would carve a horizontal mark (the "mark") into a stone or wooden "bench" (a flat, stable surface) to serve as a reference point for measuring elevations. Over time, it evolved metaphorically to mean any standard for comparison. The morphemes reflect this literal history: "bench" as a stable base and "mark" as a measurable indicator.
The new software was tested against industry benchmarks.
Investors use the S&P 500 as a benchmark for stock performance.
The study benchmarks energy efficiency across different countries.
This score will serve as a benchmark for future improvements.
The team benchmarked their results against competitors' data.