besides
UK: bɪˈsaɪdz | US: bɪˈsaɪdz
prep. in addition to; apart from
adv. moreover; furthermore
The word "besides" originates from Middle English "bisides," combining "be-" (a prefix meaning "by" or "near") and "side" (referring to an edge or flank). The "-s" suffix historically functioned as an adverbial marker. Over time, "besides" evolved from its literal spatial meaning ("by the side of") to its modern figurative senses of "in addition to" or "moreover," reflecting a shift from physical proximity to conceptual inclusion.
Besides English, she speaks French fluently.
I don’t want to go; besides, it’s too late now.
He has no hobbies besides playing video games.
The report is unclear, and besides, it’s outdated.
Besides being a teacher, she volunteers at the library.