breakdown
UK: ˈbreɪkdaʊn | US: ˈbreɪkdaʊn
n. a failure of a system, machine, or relationship
n. a detailed analysis or classification of something
n. a physical or mental collapse
The word "breakdown" originates from the combination of "break" (Old English brecan, meaning "to separate violently") and "down" (Old English dūne, meaning "to a lower position"). Initially used literally for physical collapse (e.g., machinery), it later expanded metaphorically to describe mental or systemic failures. The analytical sense emerged in the 19th century, reflecting the idea of "breaking down" complex information into smaller components.
The car had a breakdown on the highway.
She provided a detailed breakdown of the budget.
After months of stress, he suffered a nervous breakdown.
The report includes a breakdown of sales by region.
A communication breakdown led to the project's failure.