bruising
UK: ˈbruːzɪŋ | US: ˈbruːzɪŋ
adj. causing bruises or appearing bruised
n. the act or result of being bruised
n. (figurative) harsh or damaging treatment
The word "bruising" derives from the Old English verb brȳsan ("to crush"), which evolved into Middle English bruisen. The modern form retains the core meaning of physical injury (bruise) but has expanded metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological harm. The suffix "-ing" marks it as a participle (adjective) or gerund (noun), reflecting either the process or result of bruising.
The bruising impact left a dark mark on her arm.
His bruising criticism demoralized the team.
The boxer suffered bruising around his eyes after the match.
Political campaigns can be bruising for candidates.
She applied ice to reduce the bruising swelling.