byword
UK: ˈbaɪwɜːd | US: ˈbaɪwɜːrd
n. a person or thing cited as a notorious or outstanding example of something (often negative)
n. a proverb or saying; a familiar expression
The term "byword" originates from Old English bīword, combining "by" (denoting proximity or secondary status) and "word" (speech or expression). Historically, it referred to a proverb or common saying, but by the 16th century, it evolved to signify a person or thing emblematic of a particular quality (often negative). The logic reflects how a "byword" stands alongside mainstream discourse as a shorthand for a broader concept.
The city became a byword for corruption after the scandal.
"Practice makes perfect" is a well-known byword in education.
His name is now a byword for inefficiency in the industry.
The phrase "blood and iron" became a byword for Bismarck’s policies.
In medieval times, "Midas" was a byword for greed.