byzantine
UK: bɪˈzæntaɪn | US: ˈbɪzənˌtiːn
adj. relating to Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire
adj. (often lowercase) excessively complex, intricate, or bureaucratic
adj. (architecture) characterized by elaborate ornamentation, domes, and mosaics
The term "Byzantine" derives from Byzantium, the original name of Constantinople (now Istanbul). The Byzantine Empire (330–1453 CE) was known for its intricate bureaucracy and elaborate art, leading to the modern metaphorical meaning of "overly complex." The suffix "-ine" standardizes it as an adjective. The word’s evolution reflects both historical and cultural associations, shifting from a geographic descriptor to a critique of convoluted systems.
The Byzantine Empire preserved Roman law and Greek culture for centuries.
The tax code is so byzantine that even experts struggle to interpret it.
Byzantine architecture is famous for its grand domes and golden mosaics.
The novel’s plot was criticized for its byzantine twists and turns.
Diplomats often navigate byzantine protocols in international negotiations.