circulation
UK: ˌsɜː.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən | US: ˌsɜːr.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən
n. the movement of something (e.g., blood, air, information) in a closed system or circuit
n. the dissemination or distribution of something (e.g., money, news) among a group
n. the number of copies of a publication (e.g., newspaper, magazine) sold or distributed
circulat<circle> + ion<noun suffix>
- circulat (from Latin circulatus, past participle of circulare "to form a circle," derived from circulus "small ring")
- ion (suffix forming nouns indicating action or state, from Latin -io)
Etymology Origin:
The word circulation traces back to the Latin circulus (small ring), reflecting the concept of cyclical movement. The verb circulare ("to move in a circle") evolved into Old French circuler, later adopted into English as circulate. The suffix -ion nominalizes the action, emphasizing the repetitive, loop-like motion inherent in the word's meaning—whether for blood, currency, or information.
Regular exercise improves blood circulation.
The newspaper's circulation has doubled this year.
Fake news spreads rapidly in online circulation.
The library tracks the circulation of its books.
A fan helps maintain air circulation in the room.