closeness
UK: ˈkləʊsnəs | US: ˈkloʊsnəs
n. the state of being physically or emotionally near
n. the quality of being intimate or confidential
n. strictness or precision in measurement or observation
The word "closeness" derives from the Middle English "clos," meaning "shut" or "enclosed," which evolved from Old French "clos" (past participle of "clore," meaning "to close"). The suffix "-ness," of Old English origin, transforms adjectives into nouns indicating a state or quality. Over time, "close" expanded from physical proximity (e.g., a closed space) to emotional intimacy, and "-ness" formalized this abstract state. The dual sense of physical nearness and relational intimacy reflects the word’s logical progression from concrete to abstract meanings.
The closeness of their friendship was evident in their constant communication.
The closeness of the two buildings made the alleyway feel cramped.
Scientists measured the closeness of the data points to ensure accuracy.
Her emotional closeness to her family helped her through difficult times.
The detective noted the closeness of the suspect’s alibi to the crime timeline.