constrained
UK: kənˈstreɪnd | US: kənˈstreɪnd
adj. restricted or limited in action, expression, or development
adj. (of a person) appearing forced or unnatural due to self-consciousness
The word "constrained" originates from the Latin constringere (to bind tightly together), formed by con- (intensive prefix) + stringere (to draw tight). The morpheme "strain" evolved from Old French estreindre (to press, bind), retaining its core meaning of tension or restriction. The suffix "-ed" marks the past participle, giving the word its adjectival form. The progression reflects a literal-to-figurative shift: from physical binding to behavioral or situational limitation.
The artist felt constrained by the strict guidelines of the project.
His smile appeared constrained, as if he were hiding discomfort.
Budget cuts have constrained research opportunities at the university.
She moved in a constrained manner, avoiding eye contact.
The tight deadline constrained their ability to innovate.