controlled
UK: kənˈtrəʊld | US: kənˈtroʊld
adj. 1. restrained or managed under authority or rules.
adj. 2. kept within limits; regulated.
v. (past tense of control) 1. to exercise restraint or direction over.
controlled = control<to check, restrain> + ed<past participle suffix>
- control: From Middle French contreroller ("to keep a duplicate register"), from Medieval Latin contrarotulare, combining contra<against> + rotulus<roll> (referring to duplicate account rolls for verification).
- ed: A suffix forming past tense or past participles in English, indicating completed action.
Etymology Origin:
The word control originated from bureaucratic practices in medieval Europe, where financial accounts were verified against duplicate rolls (contra rotulus). Over time, it evolved to mean "restraint" or "regulation," reflecting the idea of checking or managing something. The addition of -ed marks the past tense or a state of being regulated.
The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions.
She controlled her emotions during the debate.
The fire is now fully controlled by firefighters.
Controlled substances require a prescription.
His breathing became more controlled after meditation.