dam
UK: dæm | US: dæm
n. a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir or preventing flooding
vt. to build a dam across a river or stream
n. (figurative) an obstruction or hindrance to progress or flow
The word "dam" traces back to Middle Dutch and Middle Low German dam, meaning "barrier" or "embankment." It entered English in the 12th–14th centuries, retaining its core meaning of a structure to control water flow. The simplicity of the word reflects its ancient Germanic roots, where it likely described basic earthworks or weirs. Over time, its usage expanded metaphorically to denote any blocking mechanism.
The beavers built a dam across the stream to create a pond.
The government plans to dam the river to generate hydroelectric power.
Emotional trauma can act as a dam, preventing personal growth.
The ancient dam still stands after centuries of seasonal floods.
Engineers inspected the dam for cracks after the earthquake.