disobedience
UK: ˌdɪs.əˈbiː.di.əns | US: ˌdɪs.oʊˈbiː.di.əns
n. refusal or failure to obey rules, laws, or authority
n. intentional resistance to a command or expectation
The word "disobedience" originates from the Latin disobedientia, combining dis- (a prefix meaning "apart" or "opposite") and oboedire ("to obey"). The root obey traces back to Latin obaudire (ob- "toward" + audire "to hear"), reflecting the idea of listening to authority. Over time, dis- negated this action, forming "disobedience" to describe defiance. The suffix -ience (from Latin -ientia) nominalizes the state of refusing compliance.
The child's disobedience led to a timeout.
Civil disobedience can be a powerful tool for social change.
Her disobedience of the rules resulted in a fine.
The protest was an act of peaceful disobedience.
Chronic disobedience may indicate deeper behavioral issues.