empiricism
UK: ɪmˈpɪrɪsɪzəm | US: ɛmˈpɪrəˌsɪzəm
n. A philosophical theory that states knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience and observation.
n. A method or practice relying on practical experience rather than theory.
The word "empiricism" traces back to the Greek "empeiria" (ἐμπειρία), meaning "experience." The morpheme "empir" derives from the Greek "empeirikos" (empirical), which entered Late Latin as "empiricus." The suffix "-ic" transforms it into an adjective, and "-ism" denotes a philosophical doctrine. The term emerged in the 17th century to describe philosophies (e.g., Locke, Hume) emphasizing observation over innate ideas. The logical progression: "experience" → "based on observation" → "systematic doctrine of experiential knowledge."
Modern science is grounded in empiricism, relying on experiments and data.
Critics argue that pure empiricism neglects the role of theoretical reasoning.
John Locke’s empiricism influenced psychology’s focus on sensory input.
The doctor’s empiricism led her to prioritize clinical observations over textbook theories.
Empiricism contrasts with rationalism, which emphasizes innate ideas.