encumber
UK: ɪnˈkʌmbə | US: ɪnˈkʌmbər
vt. to weigh down or burden (someone or something) physically or mentally
vt. to restrict or impede movement or action
vt. to complicate or hinder a process or task
The word "encumber" traces back to Old French encombrer, meaning "to block or obstruct," derived from en- (a prefix meaning "in") + combre (an obstacle, likely from Late Latin combrus for "barrier"). The root cumber evolved in English to signify hindrance or obstruction, while the prefix en- intensifies the sense of being weighed down or trapped. The word vividly captures the idea of something (or someone) being physically or metaphorically "stuck" due to an imposed burden.
Heavy backpacks can encumber hikers during long treks.
Excessive paperwork often encumbers the approval process.
She felt encumbered by her family’s expectations.
The narrow hallway was encumbered with boxes.
Legal restrictions may encumber innovation in some industries.