epithet
UK: ˈɛpɪθɛt | US: ˈɛpəˌθɛt
n. a descriptive word or phrase expressing a quality of the person or thing mentioned
n. a term used as a disparaging or abusive substitute for a name
The word epithet originates from Greek epitheton ("something added"), combining epi- ("upon") and thetos ("placed"). It originally referred to an adjective or descriptive phrase "placed upon" a noun to characterize it. Over time, it broadened to include any qualifying label—neutral or pejorative—attached to a name. The logic reflects the act of "placing" a descriptor atop a subject, much like a linguistic adornment or marker.
Homer often used the epithet "swift-footed" to describe Achilles.
The term "the Great" is an epithet commonly associated with historical leaders like Alexander.
She resented the epithet "lazy" unfairly assigned to her.
In botany, Latin epithets help classify species by their traits.
The politician was criticized for hurling racial epithets during the debate.