excluding

UK: ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ | US: ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ

Definition

  1. prep. not including; excepting

  2. vt. present participle of exclude: to deny access or remove from consideration

Structure
ex <out>clud <shut>ing <present participle suffix>
Etymology

Derived from Latin excludere (ex- "out" + cludere "to shut"), excluding retains the core idea of "shutting out." The prefix ex- emphasizes removal, while -clud (via Latin claudere) conveys closure. The -ing suffix marks its participial function. Over time, the word evolved from a literal sense ("shut out physically") to broader exclusion (e.g., ideas, people).

Examples

  1. The price is $50, excluding taxes.

  2. She reviewed all documents, excluding those marked confidential.

  3. The team won every match this season, excluding the final.

  4. Excluding outliers, the data shows a clear trend.

  5. The park is open daily, excluding holidays.