first-degree

UK: ˌfɜːst dɪˈɡriː | US: ˌfɜːrst dɪˈɡriː

Definition

  1. adj. (of a crime) most serious in its category; involving the highest level of intent or harm.

  2. adj. (medical) describing the mildest or initial stage of a condition (e.g., first-degree burn).

  3. adj. (education) relating to the primary level of academic qualification (e.g., first-degree university program).

Structure
first <foremost>degree <step or level>
Etymology

The term combines "first," from Old English fyrst (foremost in time/rank), and "degree," from Latin degradus (a step or stage). In legal/medical contexts, it emerged in the 19th century to classify severity or priority, reflecting a hierarchical logic (e.g., "first-degree murder" as the gravest category). The educational use stems from medieval universities, where degrees marked progressive academic steps.

Examples

  1. The defendant was charged with first-degree murder due to premeditation.

  2. A first-degree burn only affects the outer layer of skin.

  3. She earned her first-degree black belt in karate after years of training.

  4. The university offers first-degree programs in engineering and humanities.

  5. First-degree relatives have the highest genetic risk for certain diseases.