flak
UK: flæk | US: flæk
n. 1. Anti-aircraft fire or artillery.
n. 2. Strong criticism or opposition.
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The word "flak" is a direct borrowing from German, where it is a shortened form of Fliegerabwehrkanone (literally "flyer-defense-cannon"). It entered English during World War II to describe anti-aircraft fire. Over time, it metaphorically extended to mean harsh criticism, likening verbal attacks to explosive projectiles. The compactness of the loanword reflects its military origins and efficiency in communication.
The pilots dodged heavy flak during the bombing raid.
The CEO faced flak from shareholders over the company's poor performance.
Journalists often receive flak for controversial reporting.
The new policy drew flak from environmental activists.
Despite the flak, the team stood by their decision.