fundamentalism
UK: ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəlɪzəm | US: ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəlɪzəm
n. A strict adherence to the basic principles of any subject or discipline, often religious, characterized by a literal interpretation of foundational texts and resistance to modernism.
fundamentalism = fundamental<basic principle> + ism<doctrine or movement>
- fundamental: Derived from Latin fundamentum (foundation), from fundare (to lay the base) + -mentum (noun-forming suffix).
- ism: A suffix from Greek -ismos, denoting a distinctive practice, system, or philosophy.
Etymology Origin:
The term emerged in early 20th-century Christianity to describe movements insisting on literal biblical interpretation (e.g., "The Fundamentals"). The morpheme fundamental reflects the focus on core doctrines, while -ism systematizes it as an ideology. The word’s structure mirrors its meaning: unwavering attachment (fundamental) formalized into a movement (-ism).
Fundamentalism often rejects scientific theories conflicting with religious texts.
The rise of Islamic fundamentalism has influenced regional politics.
Critics argue that fundamentalism stifles intellectual flexibility.
Protestant fundamentalism gained momentum in the 1920s.
Economic fundamentalism prioritizes market principles above all else.