handicap
UK: /ˈhændikæp/ | US: /ˈhændikæp/
n. a condition that restricts a person's ability to function physically, mentally, or socially
n. a disadvantage imposed to equalize competition (e.g., in sports or games)
vt. to place at a disadvantage
The word "handicap" originated in the 17th century from the phrase "hand in cap," referring to a game of chance where forfeits were drawn from a cap. By the 18th century, it evolved to describe a method of equalizing horse races by assigning weights based on ability. Later, it generalized to any disadvantage or physical limitation. The morpheme "hand" retains its literal meaning, while "cap" refers to the drawing process.
The stairs posed a significant handicap for wheelchair users.
The golfer received a two-stroke handicap due to his skill level.
Poor infrastructure can handicap economic growth in rural areas.
The new policy aims to reduce handicaps faced by minority groups.
She refused to let her physical handicap limit her ambitions.