improvise
UK: /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/ | US: /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/
vt. to create or perform something spontaneously without preparation
vi. to act or speak extemporaneously
The word "improvise" originates from the Latin "improvisus" (unforeseen), combining "im-" (not) + "provisus" (foreseen, from "providere" – to foresee). It entered English via French "improviser" in the 18th century, initially describing unplanned musical performances. The morphemes reflect the core idea of creating without prior vision ("not seeing before").
The actor forgot his lines but managed to improvise convincingly.
Jazz musicians often improvise solos during performances.
She had to improvise a meal with whatever was in the fridge.
The speaker improvised a witty response to the unexpected question.
Without a script, the comedy show relied entirely on the cast’s ability to improvise.