inflict
UK: ɪnˈflɪkt | US: ɪnˈflɪkt
vt. to impose something unpleasant or harmful (e.g., pain, punishment) on someone or something
vt. to force someone to endure or experience something undesirable
The word "inflict" originates from Latin infligere, combining in- (meaning "into" or "upon") and fligere (meaning "to strike"). The morpheme flict evolved from the Latin root flig-, retaining its core sense of forceful impact. Over time, "inflict" shifted from physical striking to metaphorical imposition, such as causing suffering or enforcing penalties. The logic follows a clear progression: striking upon → imposing harm.
The judge chose to inflict a heavy fine on the offender.
The storm inflicted severe damage on the coastal town.
He never intended to inflict pain on his friends.
The new policy may inflict hardships on small businesses.
The disease can inflict long-term health complications.