invertebrate

UK: ɪnˈvɜːtɪbrət | US: ɪnˈvɜːrtɪbrət

Definition

  1. n. An animal lacking a backbone or spinal column (e.g., insects, worms, mollusks).

  2. adj. Lacking strength of character or resolve; spineless (figurative).

Structure
in <not>vertebr <backbone>ate <noun/adjective suffix>
Etymology

invertebrate = in<not> + vertebr<backbone> + ate<noun/adjective suffix>

  • in-: Prefix meaning "not" or "without" (from Latin in-).
  • vertebr-: Root derived from Latin vertebra ("joint, bone of the spine").
  • -ate: Suffix forming nouns/adjectives (from Latin -atus).

Etymology Origin:
The word combines Latin in- (negation) + vertebra (spine), reflecting the biological distinction from vertebrates. The figurative sense ("spineless") emerged in the 19th century, metaphorically extending the anatomical trait to describe weakness.

Examples

  1. Earthworms are classic examples of invertebrates.

  2. The museum’s exhibit showcases marine invertebrates like jellyfish and octopuses.

  3. His invertebrate response to criticism disappointed his supporters.

  4. Invertebrates comprise over 95% of all animal species.

  5. The term "invertebrate" excludes fish, birds, and mammals.