lithosphere
UK: ˈlɪθ.ə.sfɪər | US: ˈlɪθ.ə.sfɪr
n. The rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
n. (Geology) A planetary layer composed of rocky material.
lithosphere = litho<rock> + sphere<layer/globe>
- litho (from Greek lithos, meaning "rock"): Pertains to stone or rocky substances.
- sphere (from Greek sphaira, meaning "globe" or "ball"): Refers to a rounded or layered structure.
Etymology Origin:
The term lithosphere emerged in the late 19th century, combining Greek roots to describe Earth's rocky outer shell. Litho emphasizes its solid, mineral composition, while sphere reflects its global, enveloping nature. This logical pairing mirrors other planetary layers (e.g., atmosphere, hydrosphere), showcasing scientific naming conventions.
The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that slowly move over time.
Earthquakes occur when stress builds up in the lithosphere.
The thickness of the lithosphere varies between oceanic and continental regions.
Geologists study the lithosphere to understand Earth's structural evolution.
Volcanic activity can disrupt the lithosphere, creating new landforms.