must
UK: mʌst | US: mʌst
modal v. 1. used to express necessity or obligation
modal v. 2. used to express logical certainty or strong likelihood
n. 3. something that is essential or required
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The word "must" originates from Old English mōste, the past tense of mōtan, meaning "to be allowed" or "to have to." Over time, it evolved into a modal verb expressing necessity or strong probability. Unlike many verbs, "must" lacks an infinitive form and retains its archaic past tense structure, reflecting its Germanic roots. Its semantic shift from permission ("allowed to") to obligation ("have to") mirrors broader changes in English modal verb usage.
You must finish your homework before going out.
She must be at home by now—her lights are on.
Wearing a seatbelt is a must for safety.
This report must be submitted by Friday.
If the keys aren’t here, they must be in the car.