neurotransmitter

UK: ˌnjʊərəʊtrænzˈmɪtə | US: ˌnʊroʊtrænzˈmɪtər

Definition

  1. n. a chemical substance released by neurons to transmit signals to other neurons or cells across a synapse.

Structure
neuro <nerve, from Greek "neuron">trans <across, from Latin "trans">mitter <sender, from Latin "mittere">
Etymology

The word "neurotransmitter" combines three morphemes:

  1. "Neuro" derives from Greek "neuron" (nerve), reflecting its role in the nervous system.
  2. "Trans" comes from Latin "trans" (across), indicating the crossing of synaptic gaps.
  3. "Mitter" originates from Latin "mittere" (to send), emphasizing the function of transmitting signals.
    The term emerged in mid-20th-century neuroscience to describe chemical messengers bridging neural communication.
Examples

  1. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in reward and motivation.

  2. The imbalance of neurotransmitters like serotonin can affect mood.

  3. Neurons release neurotransmitters into synapses to relay signals.

  4. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that calms neural activity.

  5. Researchers study how drugs alter neurotransmitter levels in the brain.