otherwise
UK: ˈʌðəwaɪz | US: ˈʌðərwaɪz
adv. in a different way or manner
adv. under other circumstances
conj. or else; if not
The word "otherwise" combines "other" (from Old English ōþer, meaning "different" or "second") and "wise" (from Old English wīse, meaning "way" or "manner"). Originally, it literally meant "in another way." Over time, it expanded to imply hypothetical or contrasting scenarios ("if not") and alternative conditions ("under different circumstances"). The logic is straightforward: "other" sets up a contrast, while "wise" specifies the domain (manner/circumstance).
She hoped the plan would work; otherwise, they’d face serious consequences.
The evidence suggests otherwise.
You must leave now; otherwise, you’ll miss the train.
He seems quiet, but thinks otherwise.
The instructions were unclear, so I interpreted them otherwise.