over
UK: ˈəʊvə | US: ˈoʊvər
prep. extending above or across something; higher than
prep. in control of or governing
adv. from one side to another; across a space
adv. at an end; finished
adj. remaining; surplus
The word "over" traces back to Old English ofer, meaning "above" or "across," derived from Proto-Germanic uberi and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root uper (meaning "over" or "above"). This root is also the source of Latin super and Greek hyper, reflecting a shared ancestral concept of spatial or hierarchical superiority. Over time, "over" expanded from purely physical positioning (e.g., "over the bridge") to metaphorical uses (e.g., "the meeting is over").
She hung the painting over the fireplace.
The king ruled over a vast empire.
He jumped over the puddle to avoid getting wet.
The project will be over by next week.
We have three apples left over after the party.