overrun
UK: /ˌəʊvəˈrʌn/ | US: /ˌoʊvərˈrʌn/
vt. 1. To spread over or occupy (a place) in large numbers, often excessively or harmfully.
vt. 2. To exceed a planned limit, such as time or budget.
vt. 3. (Military) To invade or swarm beyond defensive lines.
n. An instance of exceeding limits or boundaries (e.g., cost overrun).
overrun = over<above/excess> + run<move swiftly>
- over: From Old English ofer, meaning "above, beyond, or excessively."
- run: From Old English rinnan, meaning "to flow, move swiftly."
Etymology Origin:
The word overrun combines over (suggesting excess or dominance) with run (implying rapid movement). Originally used in military contexts (e.g., enemies "running over" defenses), it later broadened to describe any unchecked spread or exceeding of limits, like weeds overrunning a garden or projects overrunning deadlines. The logic reflects physical overflow metaphorically extending to abstract boundaries.
The garden was overrun with weeds after weeks of neglect.
The project's costs overran the initial budget by 30%.
Enemy forces overran the border at dawn.
The concert overran its scheduled time, ending at midnight.
A sense of panic overran the crowd during the blackout.