perfunctory
UK: pəˈfʌŋktəri | US: pərˈfʌŋktəri
adj. done without care or interest; mechanical or routine
adj. characterized by indifference or superficial effort
The word "perfunctory" originates from the Latin perfunctorius, derived from perfunctus (past participle of perfungi, meaning "to perform or discharge"). The morpheme per- ("through") suggests completion, while funct ("perform") implies action. Over time, the term evolved to describe actions done merely to fulfill an obligation—emphasizing haste or lack of engagement. The suffix -ory solidifies its adjectival form. The word’s journey reflects a shift from literal performance to a metaphorical sense of superficiality.
She gave the report a perfunctory glance before signing it.
His apology seemed perfunctory, lacking genuine remorse.
The waiter’s perfunctory service left the customers unsatisfied.
The meeting ended with perfunctory handshakes and no real discussion.
Her smile was perfunctory, masking her true disinterest.