perpendicular

UK: /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lər/ | US: /ˌpɜːr.pənˈdɪk.jə.lər/

Definition

  1. adj. intersecting at or forming a right angle (90 degrees)

  2. adj. extremely steep; vertical

  3. n. a line or plane meeting another at a right angle

Structure
per <through>pend <hang>icular <adjective suffix>
Etymology

The word "perpendicular" originates from Latin perpendicularis, combining per- (meaning "through") and pendere (meaning "to hang"). The logic reflects the idea of a plumb line hanging straight down, creating a right angle with the ground. Over time, it generalized to describe any right-angle intersection or vertical alignment.

Examples

  1. The tower leans slightly instead of standing perfectly perpendicular.

  2. Draw a perpendicular line from point A to the base.

  3. The cliff face was nearly perpendicular, making climbing dangerous.

  4. In geometry, two perpendicular lines form four right angles.

  5. Ensure the shelves are mounted perpendicular to the wall.