petrify
UK: ˈpet.rɪ.faɪ | US: ˈpet.rə.faɪ
vt. 1. to convert into stone or a stony substance
vt. 2. to paralyze or stupefy with fear or shock
vt. 3. to make rigid or inert
petrify = petr<stone> + ify<to make>
- petr (from Greek petra, meaning "rock" or "stone")
- ify (a verb-forming suffix from Latin -ificare, meaning "to make" or "to cause to become")
Etymology Origin:
The word petrify traces back to the Greek petra (stone) and the Latin suffix -ify, which denotes causation. Originally used in a literal sense (e.g., turning organic material into stone, as in fossilization), it later evolved metaphorically to describe the immobilizing effect of extreme fear, as if one were "turned to stone." This dual meaning reflects both geological processes and vivid human experiences.
The ancient tree was petrified over millions of years, becoming a fossil.
The horror movie was so terrifying it seemed to petrify the audience.
Fear petrified her, leaving her unable to move or speak.
The volcanic ash can petrify organic matter, preserving it for centuries.
His stern gaze petrified the mischievous child into silence.