pre-emptive
UK: priːˈɛmptɪv | US: priˈɛmptɪv
adj. intended to prevent an anticipated action or event; taking action first to gain an advantage
adj. (law) relating to the purchase of goods or services before others have the opportunity
adj. (military) designed to deter or defeat an imminent attack
The word "pre-emptive" combines the Latin prefix "pre-" (meaning "before") with the root "empt" (from Latin "emere," meaning "to take or buy"). The suffix "-ive" turns it into an adjective. Historically, it evolved from legal contexts (e.g., buying land before others) to military strategy (acting first to neutralize a threat). The logic reflects proactive control—taking action to prevent something undesirable.
The company launched a pre-emptive strike against competitors by lowering prices.
The government took pre-emptive measures to avoid an economic crisis.
His pre-emptive apology diffused the tension in the room.
The general ordered a pre-emptive attack to disrupt enemy plans.
Pre-emptive rights allow shareholders to buy new shares before the public.