provocation

UK: ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃən | US: ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃən

Definition
  1. n. an action or speech that deliberately annoys or angers someone

  2. n. something that incites or stirs up a reaction, often negative

  3. n. (law) an act that justifies retaliation or defense

Structure
pro <forward>voc <call>ation <noun suffix>pro <forward>voc <call>ation <noun suffix>
Etymology

provocation = pro<forward> + voc<call> + ation<noun suffix>

  • pro<forward>: From Latin pro-, meaning "forward" or "in favor of."
  • voc<call>: From Latin vocare, meaning "to call" or "to summon."
  • ation<noun suffix>: A suffix forming nouns indicating an action or process.

Etymology Origin:
The word provocation traces back to Latin provocatio, combining pro- (forward) and vocare (to call). It originally referred to a legal or public challenge, such as summoning someone to defend their actions. Over time, it broadened to mean any act that incites a reaction, often anger or defiance. The logic is clear: to "call forward" is to deliberately stir a response.

Examples
  1. His rude comment was seen as a provocation, sparking an argument.

  2. The protest was a provocation against the government’s policies.

  3. She ignored his provocations to avoid escalating the conflict.

  4. In court, the defendant claimed he acted under provocation.

  5. The article was written as a provocation to challenge readers’ beliefs.