refraction
UK: rɪˈfrækʃən | US: rɪˈfrækʃən
n. the bending of light, sound, or other waves as they pass from one medium into another
n. (optics) the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed
The word "refraction" originates from Latin refringere ("to break back"), combining re- (back) and frangere (to break). The term evolved in scientific contexts to describe how light "breaks" or bends when passing between mediums (e.g., air to water). The suffix -ion nominalizes the action, forming a concrete concept in physics.
The refraction of light through a prism creates a rainbow spectrum.
Eyeglasses correct vision by adjusting the refraction of light entering the eye.
Ocean waves undergo refraction when they approach shallow coastlines.
The scientist measured the angle of refraction in the glass block.
Atmospheric refraction causes the sun to appear higher than its actual position at sunrise.