refutation

UK: ˌrefjuˈteɪʃn | US: ˌrɛfjəˈteɪʃən

Definition
  1. n. the act of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false

  2. n. a detailed rebuttal or argument against a claim

Structure
re <back, against>fut <speak>ation <noun suffix>
Etymology

refutation = re<back, against> + fut<speak> + ation<noun suffix>

  • re: Latin prefix meaning "back" or "against," indicating opposition or reversal.
  • fut: Derived from Latin futare (variant of fari, "to speak"), implying verbal argument or discourse.
  • ation: Suffix forming nouns denoting an action or process.

Etymology Origin:
The word traces back to Latin refutatio, from refutare ("to repel or disprove"), combining re- (against) and futare (to speak). It entered English in the 16th century, retaining its core sense of logically countering an argument through speech or evidence. The morphemes reflect a structured opposition: re- negates, fut grounds it in verbal debate, and -ation formalizes the act.

Examples
  1. His essay included a thorough refutation of the opponent's claims.

  2. The scientist presented a refutation of the outdated theory.

  3. Logical fallacies weaken the strength of a refutation.

  4. Her refutation was so compelling that the audience applauded.

  5. The debate team prepared a detailed refutation for every potential argument.