retaliate
UK: rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt | US: rɪˈtæl.i.eɪt
vt. to return like for like, especially evil for evil
vi. to take revenge or counterattack in response to harm or provocation
The word "retaliate" originates from Latin retaliare ("to return in kind"), combining re- (back/again) and talis (such). The core idea is "to pay back in the same manner," reflecting a direct response to an action. Over time, it narrowed to imply punitive or vengeful repayment, especially in conflicts. The suffix -ate standardizes it as a verb in English.
The nation vowed to retaliate if attacked.
She chose not to retaliate against the unfair criticism.
The company retaliated by filing a lawsuit.
Animals often retaliate when threatened.
Diplomacy aims to resolve disputes without retaliatory actions.