rigorous
UK: ˈrɪɡərəs | US: ˈrɪɡərəs
adj. extremely thorough, strict, or accurate
adj. harsh or demanding (e.g., climate, conditions)
adj. logically or scientifically precise
The word "rigorous" stems from the Latin "rigor," meaning "stiffness" or "severity," which itself derives from "rigere" (to be stiff). The suffix "-ous" (from Latin "-osus") denotes possessing a quality. Over time, "rigorous" evolved from describing physical stiffness to emphasizing strictness, precision, or thoroughness in actions, rules, or reasoning. The logical progression reflects how rigidity in form transformed into metaphorical rigidity in standards.
The course requires rigorous attention to detail.
Scientists follow rigorous methods to ensure accurate results.
The marathon was canceled due to rigorous weather conditions.
Her rigorous training prepared her for the competition.
The audit involved a rigorous examination of financial records.