roughen
UK: ˈrʌfən | US: ˈrʌfən
vt. to make or become rough
vi. to become rough
The word "roughen" combines "rough," derived from Old English rūh (meaning "shaggy, hairy, or uneven"), with the verb-forming suffix "-en," which originates from Old English -nian. This suffix was used to create verbs meaning "to make or become [adjective]." Over time, "roughen" evolved to specifically describe the action of making a surface or texture less smooth. The logic is straightforward: "rough" (adjective) + "-en" (verbifier) = "to make rough."
The wind and rain began to roughen the surface of the wooden deck.
Sandpaper is used to roughen the edges of the material before gluing.
Over time, the constant friction will roughen the fabric.
His hands had roughened after years of manual labor.
The artist roughened the canvas to create a textured effect.