shudder
UK: ˈʃʌdə | US: ˈʃʌdər
vi. to tremble or shake violently, typically due to fear, disgust, or cold
n. an act or instance of shuddering
The word "shudder" originates from Middle English shoderen, likely derived from the Proto-Germanic root skut- (to shake or tremble). The modern form retains the core sense of involuntary shaking, often tied to emotional or physical reactions. The suffix "-er" here functions as an infinitive marker or agentive suffix, reinforcing the verb's action-oriented nature.
She felt a shudder run down her spine at the eerie sound.
The old house shuddered in the strong wind.
He couldn't help but shudder at the gruesome scene.
A sudden shudder of the engine signaled mechanical trouble.
The thought of eating insects made her shudder with disgust.