spare
UK: speə | US: sper
adj. additional to what is required; extra
adj. lean or thin
vt. to refrain from harming or destroying
vt. to give or lend something reluctantly
n. an extra item kept for replacement
The word "spare" traces back to Old English sparian, meaning "to refrain from harming or using." It shares roots with Germanic languages (e.g., Old Norse spara), reflecting a shared concept of conservation or leniency. Over time, it expanded to describe physical leanness (via the idea of "holding back" excess) and extra objects (as reserves). The dual themes of restraint and surplus remain central to its modern meanings.
She kept a spare key hidden under the doormat.
His spare frame made him look taller than he was.
The judge decided to spare the prisoner the death penalty.
Can you spare a few minutes to help me?
The mechanic used a spare part to fix the engine.