spine
UK: spaɪn | US: spaɪn
n. the series of vertebrae forming the central support of the body; backbone
n. a sharp-pointed outgrowth on a plant or animal
n. the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner edges of the pages
The word "spine" traces back to the Latin "spina," meaning "thorn" or "backbone." It entered Middle English via Old French, retaining its dual sense of sharp protrusions (like thorns) and structural support (like the vertebral column). The silent "e" reflects its French influence. The logic connects rigidity (backbone) and sharpness (thorn), both central to its modern meanings.
She injured her spine in a skiing accident.
The cactus has tiny spines to protect itself.
The book's title was printed in gold on its spine.
His criticism struck at the spine of the argument.
A shiver ran down her spine when she heard the noise.