startling
UK: ˈstɑːtlɪŋ | US: ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ
adj. causing sudden surprise or alarm
v. (present participle of "startle") to shock or frighten suddenly
startle = start<to jump or move suddenly> + le<frequentative verb suffix>
- start (from Old English styrtan, meaning "to leap up or jump")
- le (a frequentative suffix in English, indicating repeated or habitual action, as in "dazzle" or "sparkle")
Etymology Origin:
The word "startle" originates from the Old English styrtan, which described sudden physical movements like jumping or leaping. Over time, the frequentative suffix "-le" was added, transforming the meaning to imply a repeated or sudden reaction—often tied to shock or alarm. This evolution reflects how physical reflexes (like jumping) became metaphorically linked to emotional reactions (being startled).
The loud noise was startling to the sleeping cat.
Her sudden appearance startled everyone in the room.
The documentary revealed startling facts about climate change.
He gave a startling performance that left the audience in awe.
The news report contained startling evidence of corruption.