stifle
UK: /ˈstaɪ.fəl/ | US: /ˈstaɪ.fəl/
vt. to suppress or restrain (a reaction, emotion, or sound)
vt. to suffocate or prevent from breathing
vi. to feel suffocated or oppressed
The word "stifle" traces back to Middle English stifelen, derived from Old French estouffer (to smother, choke), which itself likely originated from a Germanic root related to "stiff." The core idea is constriction—whether physically (suffocation) or metaphorically (suppression). The "-le" suffix is a frequentative or verb-forming element in English, suggesting repeated or ongoing action. Over time, "stifle" evolved to encompass both literal suffocation and figurative restraint.
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
The thick smoke made it hard to breathe, stifling everyone in the room.
He stifled his anger and responded calmly.
The government was accused of stifling free speech.
The heat was so intense it felt like it would stifle all movement.