strained
UK: streɪnd | US: streɪnd
adj. showing signs of tension or exhaustion
adj. forced or unnatural in manner
vt. past tense of "strain" (to force beyond normal limits)
The word "strain" originates from Old French estreindre (to bind tightly), derived from Latin stringere (to draw tight, bind). The suffix -ed marks the past participle, indicating a completed action. Over time, "strained" evolved to describe both physical tension (e.g., muscles) and metaphorical stress (e.g., relationships), reflecting the core idea of excessive force or pressure.
Her voice sounded strained after hours of singing.
He gave a strained smile during the awkward conversation.
The rope was strained to its breaking point.
Their friendship became strained after the argument.
The engine made a strained noise under heavy load.