stratum
UK: ˈstrɑːtəm | US: ˈstreɪtəm
n. a layer or series of layers of material, especially rock or sediment
n. a level or class in a hierarchical system, especially in society
stratum = strat<layer> + um<noun suffix>
- strat (from Latin stratum, meaning "something laid down, layer")
- um (Latin noun suffix, often denoting neuter singular nouns)
Etymology Origin:
The word stratum originates from Latin stratum, the neuter past participle of sternere ("to spread, lay down"). It reflects the concept of layers being systematically arranged, whether in geology (rock layers) or society (social classes). The suffix -um solidifies its noun form, preserving the Latin structure. Over time, it expanded metaphorically to describe hierarchical divisions beyond physical layers.
The geologist examined each stratum of the cliff to determine its age.
The upper stratum of society often has access to exclusive resources.
Over centuries, sediment forms a new stratum at the riverbed.
The artist used colors to represent different cultural strata in her painting.
Fossils found in the lowest stratum date back millions of years.