sultan
UK: ˈsʌltən | US: ˈsʌltən
n. a Muslim sovereign or ruler, especially of a former Ottoman territory
n. a person holding great power or authority (figurative)
The word "sultan" originates from Arabic sulṭān (سلطان), meaning "authority" or "power." It entered English via Old French soudan or Medieval Latin sultanus, reflecting the influence of Islamic empires on European languages. The root sult- derives from the Arabic verb salata (to rule), while -an functions as a noun-forming suffix. Historically, the term evolved from an abstract concept ("power") to a concrete title for rulers, particularly in the Ottoman Empire.
The sultan issued a decree to modernize the city's infrastructure.
During the Middle Ages, the sultan's palace was a center of wealth and culture.
She ruled the company like a sultan, with unquestioned authority.
The sultanate expanded its territories through strategic alliances.
Visitors marveled at the opulence of the sultan's court.